All 7 AWS Direct Connect & Hybrid Connectivity questions
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What is AWS Direct Connect and how does it differ from connecting to AWS over the public internet? How does a Site to Site VPN connection provide a quicker, lower cost alternative to Direct Connect for hybrid connectivity? How can Direct Connect and Site to Site VPN be combined to provide a highly available hybrid connectivity design? What is a Direct Connect Gateway, and how does it simplify connecting a single Direct Connect connection to multiple VPCs across different regions? How does Direct Connect support Link Aggregation Groups to increase bandwidth and provide additional resilience? How does AWS Transit Gateway simplify complex hybrid network architectures involving many VPCs and on premises connections?
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What is a Virtual Private Gateway, and how does it relate to establishing hybrid connectivity with a VPC?

Beginner

Answer

A Virtual Private Gateway is the AWS side endpoint of a VPN connection or Direct Connect connection, attached to your VPC, that allows traffic to flow between your on premises network and your VPC's private resources, acting as the entry and exit point for hybrid network traffic on the AWS side of the connection.
aws ec2 create-vpn-gateway --type ipsec.1 --amazon-side-asn 65000
Real-world example A company setting up a site to site VPN connection between its office network and AWS first creates a Virtual Private Gateway and attaches it to their VPC, establishing the necessary AWS side endpoint before configuring the actual VPN tunnel.

Common follow-ups: What is the difference between a Virtual Private Gateway and a Transit Gateway?;How does a Virtual Private Gateway differ when used with Direct Connect versus VPN?

VPC & Networking;IAM
All 7 AWS Direct Connect & Hybrid Connectivity questions