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What is an Auto Scaling Group in AWS and what problem does it solve? What scaling policies are available in Auto Scaling Groups, such as target tracking and step scaling? How do health checks work within an Auto Scaling Group to maintain a healthy fleet of instances? How can Auto Scaling Groups span multiple Availability Zones to improve application availability? How do lifecycle hooks in Auto Scaling Groups let you customize instance launch and termination behavior? How can predictive scaling in Auto Scaling Groups improve upon reactive scaling policies?
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What is a launch template and how is it used by an Auto Scaling Group?

Beginner

Answer

A launch template is a reusable configuration that specifies exactly how new EC2 instances should be created, including the Amazon Machine Image, instance type, security groups, and storage settings, and an Auto Scaling Group references a launch template to know precisely how to configure every new instance it launches, ensuring consistency across all instances in the group.
aws ec2 create-launch-template --launch-template-name my-template --launch-template-data '{"ImageId":"ami-12345678","InstanceType":"t3.medium"}'
Real-world example A DevOps team updates a launch template with a new Amazon Machine Image containing security patches, and any future instances launched by the Auto Scaling Group automatically use this updated, patched configuration.

Common follow-ups: What is the difference between a launch template and the older launch configuration?;Can you have multiple versions of the same launch template?

EC2 & Compute;IaC (CloudFormation)
All 7 Auto Scaling Groups questions